This doesn't look like a single burned component from your pictures. It looks like multiple components on the logic board are damaged. That means the repair would likely require advanced soldering of multiple components. I don't recommend attempting to repair the board yourself unless you feel very confident in your ability. Instead it would make more sense to replace the logic board. You can find boards for sale [link|https://beetstech.com/product/macbook-pro-15-inch-a1286-mid-2012-logic-board|here|new_window=true]. Good luck!