Why does the recorded audio sounds distorted?

Technical part first! I'm using a Lenovo ideapad 320 portable PC, and it doesn't have a microphone jack, only headphones.

I used to use my sister's pc, an Asus, to record podcasts via an AUX Cable, which had a duo headphone-mic jack, so whenever I plugged something there, it would ask me what did I plug in (Mic or Headset).~

I usually record them via my phone, since the podcasts are via an app, I would plug my AUX cable on my phone, boot up Audacity, then I would plug the cable on my pc, when it asked, I would choose the microphone option, so it would register the cable as one, on the settings, I would put the option "Listen to this device", so it would record my phone's audio.

But since she is needing her PC for work now, I went around for an mic/headset adapter, so I could record them on my pc, and I found this adapter, the Adapter LORENZ BELL JACK 3,5 for HEADSET+Micro, it was the only one I could find, really.

Here is a picture of it!

https://www.worten.pt/i/0d9eb6f7a38cae38...

Now, I did what I usually did, but to try it out, I tried just recording one of my songs from my player, I plugged my AUX cable, the adapter and booted up Audacity, but when I tried recording, the sound was incredibly distorted, and noisy, I tried a bunch of options to clear the noise, but it still records it super distorted.

Any help? I can provide more information, if my explanation was confusing, or forgot to add something!

Thank you in advance!