Could I replace the camera cable?

Here’s what we have MacBook Pro Retina Display Teardown it doesn’t dig deep as replacing the LCD panel is about the most you are likely to do as you just can’t find the other parts other than from a junker system. Given how hard most just replace the display assembly depending on where the cable is damaged you might be able to splice the lines back.

Sadly, SMC will kick you in the pants here! There is two sensors within the camera unit - voltage and thermal. If you leave the camera disconnected SMC will ramp up the fans and lower the CPU clocking as it’s trying to protect things from overheating.

Depending on your screens coatings you might find a junker which you can swap out the display assembly or just the frame swapping your LCD panel for the damaged one in the junker. The last one I did that had this exact same problem that’s how I had to do it.