Upgrading from HDD to SDD, but get prohibitory symbol when booting up?

I am upgrading my early 2011 MBP 13" from the original HDD that came with it to a Crucial M500 240gb SSD. When I use a bootable USB that has OS X El Capitan on it, the installation is very slow on the SSD. It actually take over 2 days, but the progress bar didn't budge. I suspect the SATA cable is damage and needs replacement, which seems to be the case according to various message boards including this one.

However, I have another MBP and an external enclosure which I put my Crucial SSD into and install El Capitan to get it fully running, and then I physically install it into my early 2011 MBP 13", but I get the prohibitory symbol (Circle with a slash inside of it).

I'm curious if replacing the SATA cable will be sufficient enough to fix the problem, or do an underlying issue that I need to also fix (regarding the prohibitory symbol).

I'd be happy to answer more questions if any further clarifying is required.

Thanks!