What do these connectors do?

@carl_jfischer These are coaxial cables, meaning they have an inner core of a single strand of wire. That wire is covered with insulation, then a sheath of woven mesh wire covers that. That sheath provides a shield for the inner cable to insulate it from outside signals and keep it from broadcasting signals. That outer sheath is covered with a layer of rubber as insulation.

So it really depends on what kind of damage you did to the cable. If you just nicked the rubber insulation on the outside, then there's really nothing to do; you haven't damaged the signal integrity of the center wire at all. Even if you've done a little bit of damage to the woven sheath, that's not necessarily any big deal either, as long as you haven't broken the inner insulation and cut the center wire.

Just to be safe, it wouldn't hurt to wrap a piece of electrical tape around the torn part, but as long as everything is working it doesn't look like you've done any significant damage. My vote would be to leave well enough alone and don't worry about it unless you notice issues with any of your radio signals, including cellular, wifi or bluetooth.